This does not only occur in the normal bronchial epithelium, but also in the epithelium that has undergone dysplasia or metaplasia. The results of genetic studies show that smokers experience a loss of heterozygosity at various allelic sites such as 3p14, 9p21, p16 and p53. In smokers, there is a persistent and progressive genetic lesion which then accumulates at specific chromosomal loci. The occurrence of lung cancer in smokers is basically a complex thing. About 67% of men in Indonesia are smokers, where 57% are registered as daily smokers. The estimated number of people who smoke in Indonesia reaches around 61.4 million people (36.1%). Since 1998 until now, Indonesia is the third-largest number of smokers in the world. Men have a higher risk of lung cancer compared to women associated with smoking habits. This study describes the clinical profile of male patients with lung cancer at Adam Malik Hospital from 2012 to 2015. This study aims to determine the clinical profile of men with non-small cell lung cancer in Adam Malik Hospital Medan based on age, smoking habits, occupation, clinical symptoms, clinical stage, and type of lung cancer histopathology. The risk of death related to early age starts smoking, the length of smoking, the number of cigarettes, and the concentration of tar smoked by smokers every day.
In the United States, lung cancer has replaced the position of coronary heart disease as a cause of death among smokers. Therefore, lung cancer is the main cause of cancer deaths, which is estimated at around 1.4 million people each year. Lung cancer has a poor prognosis compared to other cancers and has a much lower survival rate. Data in Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, in 2004-2006 showed that about 83.4% of lung cancer patients were men.
Which is associated with a history of smoking.
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According to hospital-based cancer registration data at Dharmais Cancer Hospital Jakarta, in 2003-2007 lung cancer was the most frequently found malignancy in males (5,92/100,000), and was ranked fourth for female (5.52/100,000). Lung cancer is cancer with the greatest number of patients in the world with an increase in the number of new patients reaching around 1.2 million people every year.
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